OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to apply a systematic review of the literature to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of the Phosphorylated tau p181 for the Alzheimer’s disease dementia. METHODS : A systematic literature review was used to evaluate the effectiveness of of the Phosphorylated tau p181 for the Alzheimer’s disease dementia. The Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) tool was used by two evaluators to independently evaluate the quality of the ten studies. The literature review covered from October 27, 1946 to October 22, 2013, and eight domestic databases including KoreaMed and foreign databases including Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were used. RESULTS : A total of 9studies (9 diagnostic evaluation studies) were identified to evaluate Phosphorylated tau. Theeffectiveness of this test was evaluated based on diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic accuracy for identifying AD of ELISA was high (pooled sensitivity, 0.843(95% CI 0.818-0.867); pooled specificity, 0.799(95% CI 0.768-0.828); summary receiver operating characteristic area under the curve 0.9082±0.0236. Primary criteria for inclusion were valid studies on (i) patients with mild cognitive impairment with confirmed or suspected AD and non-AD dementia, and (ii) assessment of tau levels using appropriate comparative tests. CONCLUSIONS : Evaluated CSF Phosphorylated tau levels are of potential utility in the differential diagnosis of AD versus non-AD dementias and healthy controls.