OBJECTIVES to perform ñomparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of alternative schemes for prevention of invasive mycosis with fluconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole in patients with neutropenia, after chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. METHODS were reviewed research on the clinical effectiveness and safety of use of Posaconazole. Assess of  the quality of research and level of evidence obtained in these results was performed. The model is constructed on the basis of the results of a multicenter randomized trial Cornely O. A. et al., 2007 . The model calculated the differences in direct medical costs for the use of drugs, as well as the cost of medical treatment cases invasive mycosis the ineffectiveness of primary prevention. The duration of preventive treatment, the probability of various outcomes correspond to the data of specified clinical study RESULTS analysis of the evidence has shown that on patients with neutropenia antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole is more effective than fluconazole/itraconazole, and significantly reduces the risk of developing invasive mycosis, and associated mortality. Total costs for the use of posaconazole was 13169 USD, that by 24.6 % higher than the use of fluconazole (total costs 9932 USD) and 24.3 % higher than itraconazole (total costs 9965 USD). Also use of posaconazole has increased the total number of  LYG by 6%. The ICER was $ 21339 USD and 21117 USD compared to fluconazole and itraconazole, and  lower than the estimated threshold of  willingness to pay in the Russian Federation equal 38390 USD. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that in case of changes in the cost of posaconazole from 75% to 125 % , the ICER for a one LYG  do not exceed the threshold of  willingness to pay. CONCLUSIONS use of Posaconazole for  prevention of invasive mycosis in patients with neutropenia is economically justified.