The pharmaceutical care concept has been popular in the world during past decades, but it did not reach well to its maturity in some countries, so the investigation on barriers to the implementation of the pharmaceutical care in these countries would be great of interest. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify and prioritize barriers to the provision of pharmaceutical care in Iranian community pharmacies based on Tehran community pharmacists’ perceptions. Setting The present study was conducted with participation of pharmacists working in community pharmacies settled in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed using an anonymous questionnaire between August and November 2013. 505 community pharmacists expressed their perceptions on items by a 5-point Likert-type scale. Besides descriptive analysis, data was also analyzed through structural equation modeling. Main outcome measured was the importance perceived by community pharmacists in the case of 5 area including resources, attitude and vision, education and training, skills, regulatory and environmental issues. RESULTS Five major dimensions included in the survey instrument were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. According to the model developed based on pharmacists’ opinions, lack of pharmacists’ skills and lack of appropriate regulation and environment are the two most important barriers of the provision of pharmaceutical care, and the least important is lack of resources. CONCLUSIONS Findings of the present study showed that importance of various barriers vary from country to country based on the pharmacists’ perceptions, and corrective actions should be made accordingly.