OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to estimate the potential cost and epidemiological impact of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) mass vaccination in Romania for the two available vaccines in the Romania: AS04 adjuvanted HPV16/18 vaccine (AS04V) and the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine (QV). METHODS We applied, to the Romanian settings, a population steady state model previously published with a one year time horizon estimating the effect (cases and costs) of a vaccination programme. The number of cases and costs (in RON – Romanian National Currency) were collected from the hospitalization Diagnosis Related Group database for the year 2012. cervical cancer (CC)  and genital warts (GW) were considered. Vaccine effectiveness was approximated by weighting vaccine-type and non-vaccine-type efficacy with HPV distribution reported for GW (literature) and CC (HPV Centre) for each vaccine. One way sensitivity analysis was conducted on key input parameters. RESULTS HPV vaccination would save17,706,490 RON with AS04V and 16,432,592 RON with QV. An additional 820 CC-related hospitalisations amounting to a cost difference of 1,273,898 RON was estimated in favour of the AS04V. A total of 205 cases of GW prevented and 153,395 RON associated costs were estimated in favour of the QV. The total cost difference amounted to 1,120,503 RON. Robustness of the results was confirmed by sensitivity analyses”. CONCLUSIONS Implementing the AS04V would result in >1 million RON saved versus the QV mainly due to a difference of extra 820 CC cases prevented that completely offsets the benefit associated with the prevention of GW. The observed difference is mainly due to higher protection associated with non-vaccine types for AS04V.