OBJECTIVES: The increasing popularity of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) leading to an increasing interest of CAM assessment through pharmacoeconomic evaluation. The attempts, however, have been unsatisfactory. This study attempted to survey expert practitioners in China of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) which is a major part of CAM to elucidate critical issues when assessing cost-effectiveness of TCM, and to ascertain influencing factors of measuring HR-QOL in TCM. METHODS: A questionnaire (with 20 close and open-end questions) was distributed to TCM practitioners who had been working in the field for at least 5 years and had published at least one related paper in the last 5 years. The questions were divided into two modules with module 1 about the issues of pharmacoeconomic of TCM, and module two about the influencing factors of measuring HR-QOL in TCM. Correlation and Partial Correlate test using age and professional field as control variable were used to module 1 and 2 respectively, non-related factors were excluded. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed for remaining items. RESULTS: Of 429 questionnaires issued, 137 were recovered from 31 medical and research institutions of 8 provinces and cities in China giving a recovered rate 31.93%. Module 1 and 2 all passed the KMO and Bartlett’s test of sphericity test (kmomodule 1=0.56, kmomodule 2=0.66). Module 1 extracted 4 common factors after the Rotation Factor Analysis with cumulative variance of 69.9%, while Moduel 2 extracted 3 with cumulative variance of 70.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The common factors from Module 1 prompted us to pay attention to during the pharmacoeconomic evaluation: patient preference; long-term outcomes; the alternative of TCM; and the overall economic burden of patients.The common factors from Module 2 required us to note during the HR-QOL research: Acceptance level of the measurement scale by patients and physicians; disease complexity; and whether HR-QOL scale reflects the characteristics of TCM.