OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. However, there is disagreement about the benefits of existing screening programs. This is mainly due to low specificity of currently utilized biomarkers. This can lead to both inappropriate medical treatment and increasing costs of care. For the future, many biotechnological developments are promising, but not all will be affordable for routine screening. The question is how much a complementary biomarker to prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-test may cost which would be applied to avoid false-positive results. METHODS: Conduct of a hybrid discrete-event and system-dynamics simulation by applying AnyLogic. Based on clinical guidelines and expert knowledge, a hypothetical PCA screening workflow was developed and supplemented by a proposed innovative biomarker. Demographic and patient behavior information, disease related data on incidence as well as sensitivity and specificity of PSA, digital-rectal examination and prostate biopsy were further implemented in the model. Economic consequences were calculated by considering costs for examinations, biopsy diagnosis and complications. RESULTS: In Germany, annual screening would be recommended for 18.8 million men aged ≥45 years. Assuming a biomarker specificity of 80%, approximately 70% of prostate biopsies could be avoided. This could lead to a reduction of biopsy caused complications. Regarding the latter, mean costs of 204.17€ were calculated. Due to prevented check-ups and biopsy-complications, cost neutrality for the supposed biomarker will be reached when applying a price of 48.50€. CONCLUSIONS: A complementary biomarker could lead to more precise diagnosis and additional value for patients and health insurance funds. Although the price may not be high, an implementation may nevertheless be feasible for companies due to the high number of examinations. Funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the National Cluster of Excellence Medical Technology - Medical Valley EMN (Project grant No. 01EX1013B).