OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess healthcare professional's judgments on economic consequences of prescribed medical interventions and their responsiveness of different healthcare policy measures aiming for increasing their cost-consciousness. METHODS: The design encompassed the nation-wide-cross-sectional hierarchical levels of healthcare facilities across the geographical regions. Authors used validated and standardized Likert scale of Health Economic Awareness (HEA) adjusted for local setting to evaluate health care professionals by face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire comprehended clinician'sattitudes on: Clinical-Decision-Making-Alternative-Interventions (CDMAI); Quality-of –Health-care (QHC); and Cost-Containment-Policy (CCP). This survey was conducted in two waves before and after policy intervention in 40 hospitals and primary care facilities in fifteen cities in Serbia from January/2010-December/2012. 649 participants were interviewed before the intervention and 651 after the intervention. Core Republican Health Insurance Fund adopted and disseminated the package of cost containment measures through the Nation-wide pharmacoeconomic guidelines which principally targeted at prescribers. Pharmacists, physicians and dentists were examined by the scores of CDMAI, QHC, CCP and HEA. RESULTS: Pharmacists and dentists had a higher average score (mean±s.d.) of CDMAI by the pharmacists (1.200±0.421) and the dentists (1.195±0.560) than the score of physicians (1.017±0.453). Dentists had the highest average score of CCP (2.127±0.598) and then the score of physicians (1.976±0.529). The score of pharmacists was the lowest (1.854±0.461).There were no impacts of the interventions on the professional behaviors regarding the scores of QHQ, CDMAI, CCP, and HEA. CONCLUSIONS: Health economic awareness has differed substantially among of different health care professionals. Health policy measures were implemented to reduce non-cost-effective prescribing behaviors but the effects are non-clear-cut evidences. This experimental study is a pioneering effort in the wider Balkans region.