OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of carbapenems use (imipenem, meropenem, and doripenem) in treatment nosocomial pneumonia.  METHODS: Cost-effectiveness analysis based on decision-tree model was conducted from patient’s (out-of-pocket drugs costs) and state (drugs costs and hospitalization expenses) perspectives. The input data on therapy duration and drugs’ doses were retrieved from randomized controlled trials and clinical standards. The drugs doses were equal to: 2.0g /day from imipenem/cilastatin, 3.0g /day for meropenem, and 1.5g/day for doripenem. The model considered that in the case of drugs effectiveness the treatment continued till successful outcome, and in a case of non-effective treatment, the second line therapy (vancomycin or colomycin depending on type of infection) was applied. The data on infections resistance and empirical effectiveness of antibiotics were retrieved from the largest microbiologic study conducted in Ukraine. RESULTS:  The lowest cost- effectiveness ratio correspond to the initial therapy with imipenem/cilastatin (CER 910$/1158$ versus 1280$/1648$ for meropenem and 1317$/1712$ for doripenem from state and patient’s perspectives accordingly).  CONCLUSIONS: Thus, empiric therapy with meropenem increases the costs of medical treatment by 29 %, with doripenem – by over 35 %. Sensitivity analysis of the results of calculations versus changes of level of MRSA-resistant and carbapenem-resistant strains demonstrated reliability of the received results.