OBJECTIVES: The immunization is currently one of the most discussed topics in the population and the number of its opponents is increasing.  METHODS: Opinion, awareness and knowledge of parents (n-parents=240, n-children=463) about childhood immunization  through self-reported technique of a questionnaire survey was conducted, with respect of gender, age, education and profession of parents in regard of their professional connection with health care in case of obligatory and recommended childhood vaccination. RESULTS: In case of obligatory childhood vaccination all evaluated parameters influence and change opinion, awareness and knowledge of parents. Age (p<0,01, Degree of freedom (df)=10, Chi-squared distribution (χ²)=81,08, table value of Chi-squared distribution (tχ²)=23,21); gender (p<0,01, df=2, χ²=12,87, tχ²=9,21); education (p<0,01, df=10, χ²=79,11, tχ²=23,21); health care profession (p<0,01, df=2, χ²=13,75, tχ²=9,21. In case of recommended childhood vaccination all analyzed parameters influence and change parents’ opinion, awareness and knowledge, except for those working in health care. Age (p<0,01, df=5, χ²=13,29, tχ²=15,09); gender (p<0,01, df=, χ²=79,82, tχ²=13,28); education (p<0,01, df=4, χ²=49,10, tχ²=13,28); health care profession (0,01