OBJECTIVES: HTAs for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination have been conducted by health authorities or HTA agencies in most western European countries and played an important role in the decision-making for implementing HPV vaccination in girls. Our research aims to stress lessons learnt from past HTAs and to suggest general best practices for future HTAs of HPV vaccination. METHODS: A comprehensive research was conducted into the current HTA landscape in Western Europe. A multidisciplinary and pan European experts' working group has been established to discuss the development of best practices to optimise future HTAs for HPV vaccination. RESULTS: Our research shows that a systematic, transparent and comprehensive approach was inconsistently used in previous HTAs leading to different conclusions. However, all HTAs raised some uncertainties and remaining open questions at time of assessment that need to be further addressed. The experts' group reached consensus on the following points: 1) Epidemiological trends and projections of HPV infection and diseases should be considered to better estimate the expected impact of vaccination on HPV burden; 2) Changes in knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards HPV vaccination should be documented, as they may affect the medical and economical efficiency of vaccination programmes. 3) Dynamic transmission models (accounting for herd immunity) should be used, considering decision-analytic aspects (incremental comparisons, time horizon, discounting, model validation), to help assessors handling validity and uncertainties on key parameters (HPV transmission, vaccine effectiveness, duration of protection); 4) HPV vaccination as any health technology should be subject to an ongoing HTA process that integrates new monitoring outcomes and research findings. CONCLUSIONS: HTAs of HPV vaccination were used to inform policy-making for girls' vaccination, while uncertainties remained at first assessment time. Evidence generated since latest HTA should continuously be integrated in new HTAs, to better inform country policy decisions and adjust/extend policies in place accordingly.