OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that results in resistant incapacitation in absence of appropriate therapy, considerably reducing patients’ qualities of life. The average number of patients with MS reaches 2,5 million patients in the world and about 500 000 patients in Russia. METHODS: Patients registry of the follow-up care in the Clinical and Diagnostic Center Of Demyelinating Diseases of the Tatarstan Republic became the source of data on real clinical practice of maintaining patients. RESULTS: Total number of patients – 756; 72% of them - female, 60 % developed remitting type of MS, average disease duration – 10.3 years, average patients age – 41. During the cost of illness analysis of MS we estimated direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs included diagnostics at the out-patient (24.2 Euro per year) and in-patient department (28.98 Euro per year), medical services and pharmacotherapy during the residence in the in-patient department (15.7 Euro per year). Average duration of residence in the in-patient department in the care of relapse made 15 days; costs for the residence amounted 155.5 Euro per year. The highest priced stage of patients case management is the follow-up pharmacotherapy with disease modifying drugs (DMD’s) that amounted about 4 849.06 Euro per year. Indirect costs included disability grant (441.7 Euro per year), GDP waste in case of absence at the working place (146.9 per year) and in case of forced work refusal of patients (4 182.9 Euro per year) or their relatives (2 423,9 Euro per year) and social worker help (251.9 Euro per year). CONCLUSIONS: Cost of illness analysis of MS showed that the highest priced stages are DMD’s therapy and GDP waste. Total direct costs amounted 5 367.9 Euro per year, indirect costs – 7 195.6 Euro per year. Total costs amounted 12 563,62 Euro per year.