OBJECTIVES: To compare the characteristics of Appalachian women age 40 years and above who utilized a mobile mammography unit to get a mammogram with those who obtained mammography screening at a stationary facility, and to compare the predictors of self-reported adherence in these samples. METHODS: Data from 1,161 women who participated in the Bonnie Wells Wilson Mobile Mammography Program and 1,104 women who utilized Betty Puskar Breast Care Center at least once in the past ten years and completed a six-page Mammography Screening and Preventive Care Survey were analyzed using the Andersen Behavioral Model to determine the predictors of self-reported adherence to mammography screening guidelines in these samples. RESULTS: A total of 48.2% of women who utilized the mobile unit and 92.3% of women who utilized the stationary facility reported having had a mammogram in the past two years consistent with current mammography screening guidelines.  Women who utilized the stationary facility had greater proportion of women with higher levels of education, higher income, health insurance, and following preventive behaviors such as clinical breast exam (CBE), Pap test, and other screenings as compared to those who utilized the mobile unit.  In women who utilized the mobile unit, older age, being unemployed, being obese, having a family history of BC, having had breast biopsy in the past and having had a Pap test were significant predictors of self-reported adherence.  In women who utilized a stationary facility, being overweight, having health insurance, being adherent to CBE and Pap test, and having positive views about mammography screening were the significant predictors of self-reported adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Women who utilized mobile unit had substantially lower adherence to mammography screening than those who utilized the stationary facility.  Personal and/or community-based educational interventions need to be developed around mobile mammography unit to increase mammography adherence in the poor and underserved women.