OBJECTIVES Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is an under-diagnosed disorder, of unknown etiology, which affects over 5% of patients in general medical practice; to describe Russian rheumatologists' disease management of fibromyalgia patients. METHODS The questionnaire was sent to a random sample of Russian practitioners, who were answering the same questionnaire as that used by French practitioners in 2003. RESULTS Seventy-seven of the practitioners claimed that they prescribed a medical treatment to their patients suffering from fibromyalgia: 40% prescribed antalgics, 40% prescribed tricyclic antidepressants, 29% serotoninergic anti-depressants, 30% hypnotics/sedatives, 8 % homeopathic treatments and a little over 1% morphine derivatives. 67% claimed that they prescribed extra treatments for their patients suffering from fibromyalgia: 23% prescribed antalgics, 20% prescribed tricyclic antidepressants, 17% serotoninergic antidepressants, 24% hypnotics/sedatives, 9% homeopathic treatments and less than 1% morphine derivatives. 82.6 % recommended or prescribed other treatments to their fibromyalgic patients, namely: 36% acupuncture, 56% physiotherapy, 14% hypnotherapy, 36% spa treatment, 3% osteopathy and 38% relaxation techniques. 91.8% of the doctors advised regular physical exercise such as swimming and walking (71.9% and 65.6% respectively), with cycling being the activity least often advised, by 12.9% of the doctors. CONCLUSIONS Treatment for fibromyalgia must be multidisciplinary and multifactorial, its main objective being relieving the patient of their symptoms and allowing them to return to their professional and leisure activities – to which treatment of the condition by Russian practitioners is a testimony.