OBJECTIVES: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with significant decreases in a patient’s health-related quality of life (HRQL). Our objective was to measure the HRQL of Greek RA patients treated with adalimumab. These outcomes were assessed for differences between the results of a generic (EuroQol-5 Dimension [EQ-5D]) and an RA disease–specific (Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ]) instrument. METHODS: Data were drawn from an observational 52-week, single-arm study that measured the effectiveness of adalimumab in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe RA. Two instruments were implemented for recording the HRQL during the study duration, the EQ-5D and the HAQ. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS: The outcome measures revealed that adalimumab is effective in treating patients with moderate to severe RA. The mean utility score, as indicated by the EQ-5D questionnaire, increased from 0.433 at baseline to 0.621 after 12 months of treatment. The mean disability index, as indicated by the HAQ, decreased from 1.341 at baseline to 0.624 at the end of treatment. Although both instruments reached the same conclusion, there was only moderate correlation between the instruments (Spearman’s correlation at baseline and at 12 months, r=0.659 and r=0.793, respectively). As expected, the HAQ was more closely correlated with disease activity measures (swollen and tender joints, visual analog scale [VAS] for pain assessment, and VAS for general health assessment by both the patient and the physician) than the EQ-5D questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab is effective in the treatment of Greek patients with moderate to severe RA. Caution should be taken in interpreting the changes in HRQL when different outcome measures are used.