Objective: Cervical cancer is the top female cancer in terms of incidence rate in Taiwan. Since July 1, 1995, the NHI program has provided annual cervical smear tests for all women over the age of 30. Besides, the vaccine for preventing cervical cancer has been marketed in Taiwan in 2006. The purpose of this paper was to estimate the lifetime (20 years) direct medical cost of cervical cancer patients for future economic evaluation. Methods: The estimation of the lifetime cost based on insurer perspective and incidence approach sourced from 1994-2002 cancer registry statistics of patients with cervical cancer and the claim data from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (TPE-VGH). Totally, we have 2525 patients. Propensity score method was applied to match the comparison group using the population claimed data from The National Health Research Institutes (NHRI). The probabilities of survival, dying of cancer or dying of other causes were estimated through Cancer Registry statistics. We divided the whole disease process into initial, continuing and terminal three phases. The cost of cancer is the sum of the average cost of each phase. Lifetime costs of cancers were estimated from the costs calculated above incorporate survival rates of the cancers. Results: The results showed only 61 patients survived less than one year and each patient spent US$13,358 during that period. For those survived more than one year, terminal phase resulted in the highest costs which was US$23,078. For those survived more than one year, the initial phase cost for each patient was US$4157 and the monthly cost for continuing phase was US$113. The expected lifetime cost (20 years) of average cervical cancer patient was US$30,238. Conclusion: Our study provided critical information for the economic evaluation of Pap smears screening and the vaccination program for human papilloma virus.