Objective: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications associated with diabetes. Other diabetes-related complications include depression, cardiovascular disease, stroke, renal complications, skin problems, visual impairment, and amputation. This study assesses the prevalence of other diabetes-related complications and its marginal contribution on medical charges among DN patients. Methods: Commercially insured patients aged 18-64 with at least 1 claim of DN anytime between July 2004 and June 2005 (Year 1) enrolled in a large health plan were selected. A demographically-matched control cohort of patients with diabetes was constructed via propensity scoring with a 10:1 ratio to DN cohort. Both DN patients and controls had 12 months of continuous enrollment in both Year 1 and Year 2 (July 2005-June 2006). The prevalence of other diabetes-associated complications was compared between DN patients and controls. Using multivariate regressions, we examined the marginal contribution of =1 other diabetes-related complications on Year 2 medical charges for both cohorts controlling for comorbidities. We also assessed the impact of DN on medical charges. Results: Fewer DN patients (11% out of 8655) had no other diabetes-related complications than controls (24% out of 86,550). Prevalence was statistically higher for all other diabetes-related complications in the DN group than in the control cohort with heart disease being the most common in both groups (76% for DN vs. 68% for controls). Controlling for comorbidities, patients with = 1 other diabetes-related complications had statistically higher pharmacy and total medical charges for both DN and controls. Charges were also higher for DN patients among those with or without other diabetes-related complications. Conclusion: Conclusions: DN can occur in absence of other diabetes-related complications. DN and other diabetes-related complications have significant impact on medical charges.