Objective: Mortality and economic consequences associated with Candida bloodstream infections are considerable, and the incidence of Candida glabrata infections is increasing. This investigation aimed to evaluate inpatient costs, length of stay (LOS), and mortality associated with candidemia in adults =18 years, focusing on differences between Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. Methods: The study cohort consisted of all patients hospitalized at Duke University Medical Center from February 1996 to July 2007 with a blood culture positive for C. glabrata or C. albicans. Patients were stratified according to whether their first positive culture occurred within the first two days of hospital admission or thereafter. Detailed cost accounting data were available since December 2002. Generalized linear models using gamma distributions and log links were used to compare costs, negative binomial models for LOS, and chi-square tests for inpatient mortality. Results: A total of 241 adults with C. glabrata and 402 adults with C. albicans bloodstream infections were identified. Complete data on LOS was available for 99.1% and cost data for 38.1%. Approximately 20% of patients had a positive blood culture within the first two days of admission (C. glabrata, 18.7%; C. albicans, 21.1%). Among these patients, those with C. glabrata versus C. albicans had longer LOS (19.7 days vs. 14.2 days, p=0.03), higher costs ($56,026 vs. $31,168, p=0.02), and comparable mortality rates (33.3% vs. 35.3%, p=0.82). Among patients in whom the first positive blood culture occurred later, LOS (22.0 days vs. 20.1 days, p=0.29), costs ($68,280 vs. $51,688, p=0.06) and inpatient mortality (48.5% vs. 44.8%, p=0.42) were more similar. Conclusion: Candida bloodstream infections in adult patients are associated with substantial costs, long LOS, and high mortality rates. Unadjusted comparisons revealed longer inpatient stays and higher costs among patients with early evidence of bloodstream infection with C. glabrata relative to C. albicans.