OBJECTIVES: AF is a big problem of the Russian Health Care System because cardio-vascular diseases are the leaders in the structure of morbidity and mortality. Systemic statistics of AF and AF BI are unknown. Aim: To calculate the AF BI based on regional data and extrapolate the received data for Russia. METHODS: Evaluation of AF incidence and prevalence in dynamic (1995-2005) in the North-West region of Russia, calculation of direct and indirect costs and perspective modeling. RESULTS: As estimation – AF prevalence in Russia is 3.2/1000, incidence is 1,766/100,000, paroxysmal and persistent AF are increased from 0.6 to 1.8 and 0.25 to 0.6/1,000 accordingly. Hypertension (73%), ischemic hart disease (65.2%), diabetes (9%) occurred in the first episode of AF. Hospitalization rate is increased by 66%, estimated rate is 1.23 mln. pts./year, and it’s length is 6.9 days on the average, AF lethality is 1%. Disability rate is 40%, estimated amount of disability days is 3.3 mln/year. Calculated hospitalization cost for one year is 11.35 bln RUR (~€298 mln), cost for out-patients’ day-service – 29.6 mln RUR (~€778 ths) and cost of out-patient treatment for all patients is no less than 32.5 bln RUR (€855 mln) including drugs cost – 19.6 bln RUR (Euro). Estimated surgery cost is 260 mln RUR (€6.8 mln). Undirected adjusted cost is no less than 3 bln RUR (~€80 mln). CONCLUSIONS: AF BI in the Russian Federation leads to the biggest governmental, insurance and personal expenditures as compared to the developed countries. Annual BI AF without deficiancial GDP per person is no less than €5.5 ths. Decreasing of AF BI can be particularly achieved in case of a better pharmaceutical control of AF aimed at  saving budget charges due to the less hospitalization and surgeon rates.