OBJECTIVES: This analysis evaluates economic impact of compliance with guidelines for treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC), where treatment decision is based on results of quantitative HCV RNA test (qRNA). METHODS: Retrospective insurance company database analysis of 879 patients with CHC was performed. There were 334 patients tested for qRNA during the period from 1.1.2005 till 31.8.2008. Decision tree model was developed to evaluate treatment costs when qRNA test is used for treatment termination.   RESULTS: In 2004 national guidelines for CHC were published, which recommended examination of qRNA before and 12 weeks after treatment initiation to detect early virological response (EVR) and treatment termination in case of  negative results of EVR. In 334 patients there were 611 qRNA tests performed in total (150 patients had only 1 qRNA, 113 had 2 qRNA, in 55 there were 3 consecutive qRNA performed, 16 patients had more then 4 consecutive qRNA tests). In our model, omission of EVR evaluation was defined as no or only one quantitative HCV RNA test or gap between two qRNA tests longer then 48 weeks. Omission of EVR evaluation was detected in 166 patients.     In a decision tree model taking into account EVR results (followed by appropriate treatment termination) it was calculated that treatment cost in this group of 166 patients could be €4,013,880, while the treatment of the same group with omission of EVR evaluation would be €4,870,440. CONCLUSIONS: In analyzed group of 334 patients with HCV, there were almost 50% of cases were treatment termination could not be evaluated in accordance with valid guidelines, because of inappropriate performance of quantitative HCV RNA tests. Calculated savings are €856,560 in this group of patients. Preparation and implementation of clinical practice guidelines in national health and drug policy could have cost saving effect.