OBJECTIVES: Identify the health agencies/committees that are involved in new drug evaluations in Spain. METHODS: Search in the Spanish Health System and in the several Regional Health Systems databases the different agencies/committees that are developing new drug evaluations. RESULTS: Five regional drug evaluation committees which are working since late 2003 in a coordinated way are playing the main role of new drugs evaluations in the primary care (PC) setting, conforming a Joint Committe. Other 12 regions are publishing with different degrees of periodicity their own new drug information leaflets in the PC setting. In the hospital setting each centre has been autonomous for accepting or rejecting new drug applications into their own formularies, although there is a working group in the SEFH (Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy), named GENESIS, which is leading an initiative to have a common methodology for evaluating new drugs and to avoiding potential duplicities in drug evaluations in the hospital background. Besides, there are 7 different health technology agencies (1 national + 6 regional) in Spain that rarely evaluate new drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Spain has one of the biggest European framework of health technology agencies that  is seldom used to develop new drug evaluations. In parallel, all the Regional Health Systems have developed their own new drug evaluation entities to evaluate drugs with a high potential consumption in the PC setting. Other initiatives have been developed to disminish potential evaluation duplicities either in the PC or in the hospital setting. Most of the new drugs evaluations are negative and focused to restrict the consumption of new drugs available in the market to control drug expenditure.