OBJECTIVES:   New treatment options for advanced NSCLC can offer improved survival over standard chemotherapy, but should also offer value for money. Bevacizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody (MAb) against VEGF, plus chemotherapy increases overall survival and progression-free-survival (PFS) in advanced NSCLC patients versus chemotherapy alone. Cetuximab, a MAb targeting EGFR, plus chemotherapy has also improved outcomes in these patients. This study compared the costs and life-years gained when treating patients with BCG or CVC in Sweden.   METHODS:   A Markov model is used to compare total healthcare costs associated with treating advanced or recurrent NSCLC with BCG or CVC. The model assumes patients move from pre-progressive to a progressed disease state to death, according to a set of transition probabilities derived from an indirect comparison (IC) of BCG and CVC efficacy in terms of PFS using respective pivotal trials data and appropriate IC methodology. Cost data were derived from local sources in Sweden. Drug costs assumed chemotherapy was given up to 6 cycles, cetuximab was administered initially at 400 mg/m² (then 250 mg/m²) weekly until progression and bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every third week was administered until progression. The model estimated average healthcare costs per patient treated with BCG or CVC. Sensitivity analyses were run with different subpopulation characteristics. RESULTS:  The mean life-years in the model are 1.515 for BCG and 1.379 for CVC. The mean total cost of BCG treatment (SEK265,919) is lower than CVC (SEK336,033). Hence, adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy (SEK164,139) was less costly than adding cetuximab to chemotherapy (SEK242,681). Administration costs are lower for bevacizumab (SEK4,545) than cetuximab (SEK28,627). CONCLUSIONS:  This comparison shows that therapy using bevacizumab is less costly and adds more life-years than therapy using cetuximab. When choosing between bevacizumab abd cetuximab, bevacizumab offers a cost-saving approach to improving outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC.