OBJECTIVES: This study reviewed published direct and indirect costs estimates associated with the management of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a frequent side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapies affecting activities of daily living. METHODS: A systematic search of six article databases including EMBASE, Medline, EMBR, HAPI, IPA, CINAHL and four conference proceedings between 2003 and 2009 was undertaken using clinical, chemotherapy, and economic related terms. RESULTS: Of the 8262 articles and 355 conference abstracts that were identified, a total of 7 articles and 1 abstract discussed economic impact. Only one study reported direct and indirect costs from a societal perspective and the others measured only direct costs from the payer’s perspective. Neuropathy related resource use was not consistently measured, and no studies reported clinical testing or rehabilitation costs.  Although CIPN symptoms linger for months after treatment ends, no study measured resource use beyond the duration of chemotherapy treatment. Total societal cost of CIPN was estimated to be $4908/episode. Direct treatment cost ranged from $150 - $688/episode, with medication and physician consultation costs accounting for the majority of these costs. Physician consultation costs ranged from $150 - $300. The cost of a grade 4 neuropathy hospitalization was approximately $8095 for a four day stay.  Indirect costs of CIPN were estimated to be $4220/episode, accounting for 86% of the total neuropathy-related costs. These costs included lost salary, paid caregiver, travel expenses. The caregiver’s work loss accounted for 82% of the total indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS: Total societal costs of CIPN are significant. Indirect costs, including lost work productivity, account for the majority of total CIPN costs.  Resource use and costs of treatment were likely underreported given that studies did not account for post-chemotherapy resource use.  More accurate estimates of costs and resource use are necessary to understand the true economic impact of CIPN.