OBJECTIVES:  New treatment options for advanced NSCLC can offer improved survival over standard chemotherapy and should also offer value for money. Bevacizumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody (MAb) against VEGF, plus chemotherapy increases progression-free survival (PFS; median 6.8 months) in advanced NSCLC patients versus chemotherapy alone. Cetuximab, a MAb targeting EGFR, has also shown some improvements in these patients (median PFS 4.8 months) when combined with cisplatin plus vinorelbine (FLEX study). The aim of this study was to compare the costs of treating NSCLC with BCG or CVC in Germany.   METHODS:  A Markov model was used to compare drug and administration costs associated with treating advanced or recurrent NSCLC with BCG or CVC. The model assumes patients move from non-progressive to progressed disease prior to death, according to transition probabilities derived from an indirect comparison (IC) of BCG and CVC efficacy in terms of PFS using respective pivotal trial data and appropriate IC methodology. Cost data were derived from local sources. Drug costs assumed chemotherapy was given for up to 6 cycles, cetuximab was administered initially at 400 mg/m² (then 250 mg/m² weekly) until progression and bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg was administered until progression. Sensitivity analyses were run with different patient characteristics. RESULTS:  The mean total cost of BCG treatment was €4,713 less per patient than CVC (€28,342 versus €33,055, respectively). Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy was less costly than CVC (€18,796 versus €29,502, respectively) and the administration cost for BCG was also less costly than for CVC (€391 versus €1,179, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:   Bevacizumab targeted-therapy is less costly than cetuximab in Germany, thus from a budget perspective, offers the best value for money strategy for improving outcomes in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Furthermore, costs savings with BCG in Germany will be increased since gemcitabine has recently come off-patent.