OBJECTIVES: . To assess the cost-consequences of chronic Neuropathic Pain (NeP) outpatients care comparing management in General Clinics (GC) versus Specialized Pain Clinics (SPC) in Neurology settings in Spain. METHODS: . A 6-month retrospective observational non interventional study was designed. Adults, both genders patients with chronic NeP were included in the analysis. Patients were allocated to two type of healthcare model according to usual administrative procedures in each participant centre without investigator participation, consecutively and independently of the diagnosis and clinical status of patients. Sociodemographics and clinical characteristics of subjects along with pain-related health care and non health care resources utilization were recorded. Work-days missed as a consequence of pain were also collected. Costs were calculated in Euros year 2008 from the societal perspective, while severity and interference of pain (BPI scale, range 0-10) were used for effectiveness. Patient’s satisfaction with health care was also assessed.    RESULTS: . A total of 234 patients (56.8% women, 59.3±14.7 years) were included (53.0% in SPCs). Yearly indirect cost was €1299±2804 in SPC compared to €1483±3452 in GC (p=0.660), while annual direct costs were, respectively, €2911±3335 and €3563±4,797 (p=0.239), with total costs of €4210±4654 and €5060±6250, respectively (p=0,249). Mean pain severity at the time of evaluation was 3.8±2.3 in subjects at SPC versus 5.2±2.0 in GC (p<0.0001), while the average interference of pain on daily activities were, respectively, 3.3±2.0 and 4.7±2.5 (p<0.0001). Patients managed at SPC were statistically more satisfied in all domains of healthcare satisfaction assessment. CONCLUSIONS: . In Neurology settings in Spain, the outpatient clinical management of chronic NeP in Specialized Pain Clinics was a dominant alternative compared with General Clinics healthcare, since it was shown better patients healthcare outcomes and satisfaction while maintaining a similar level of costs to the Society.