Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the populations, interventions, and outcomes of systematic reviews of digital biomarker-based interventions.

Methods: The search timeframe was limited to 2019-2020 in PubMed and the Cochrane Library using the following search formula: “digital biomarker” OR “digital biomarkers” OR implantable OR implantables OR wearable OR wearables OR portable OR portables OR digestible OR digestibles. English full-text studies were searched to find systematic reviews (SRs) of digital biomarker-based interventions that included at least one human randomized controlled trial and reported changes in participants' health status. Two reviewers independently extracted data and screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles for compliance with the inclusion criteria. International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) tools were used to categorize populations, interventions, and outcomes, respectively. Descriptive-analytical and tabular methodologies were employed to examine the data.

Results: The inclusion requirements were satisfied by 43 SRs. The populations were classified into nine ICD-11 chapters. Patients with XI Circulatory system (n=8, 19%) were the most common, followed by XXII external causes (n=6, 14%), IV Metabolic diseases (n=5, 12%), and XII Respiratory system (n=5, 12%). Nine SRs studied nonclinical populations (21%). Most digital biomarker-based interventions (n=7) for nonclinical populations were linked to health-related behaviors (physical activity). Mobility (n=7) also was the most applied intervention for Circulatory system patients. Looking after one's health (physical activity) (n=6) and weight maintenance functions (n=5) were the most often stated outcomes in nonclinical populations. Furthermore, Demographic change (mortality) (n=6) was the most commonly reported outcome in individuals with circulatory system problems.

Conclusions: Digital biomarker-based research is becoming more popular in various clinical settings and among the general public, with the primary goal of changing physical activity.