OBJECTIVES: Adult vaccination is often underestimated, yet it is a critical aspect of public health. Every year, vaccine-preventable diseases affect many Europeans, particularly those at risk, such as the elderly and people with serious or chronic illnesses. This study aims to examine the state of adult immunization in EU countries and estimate the gaps between adult immunization needs and immunization coverage.

METHODS: We collected data on adult vaccination recommendations and vaccination coverage rates across the European Union. Using epidemiological data, we estimated the actual vaccination needs of the adult population and compared these needs with current immunization coverage in the EU.

RESULTS: Our study revealed significant gaps between national adult immunization targets and actual vaccination rates, with substantial variation across EU countries. For instance, influenza vaccination coverage among the elderly is generally higher in Western and Northern Europe but lower in Central and Eastern Europe. Challenges to improving adult vaccination rates include financial constraints, vaccine hesitancy, logistical issues, and inconsistent national health policies. The vaccination needs of the adult population far exceed the current provision.

CONCLUSIONS: To reduce mortality, morbidity, and societal costs, it is imperative to establish robust adult immunization programs. Strengthening initiatives to support adult vaccination across the EU is crucial. Addressing the barriers to adult vaccination and aligning national policies with immunization needs can enhance public health outcomes significantly. There is a pressing need for concerted efforts to close the gap between the required and actual vaccination coverage among adults in the EU.