OBJECTIVES: A wide portfolio of real-world data is available for monitoring and planning screening programmes in the Czech Republic. The primary data sources are the National Registry of Reimbursed Health Services (NRRHS) and the Czech National Cancer Registry (CNCR). These resources, together with the data from specific pilot project, comprise the data support platform for the development of the organised prostate cancer screening programme.

METHODS: Based on the results of the pilot project organised in 2018-2022, we estimated the proportion of men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, which is the primary screening test. Using data from national registries and the literature, we designed a model of patient flow through the potential organised prostate cancer screening programme. A situation analysis of ongoing non-programme PSA testing in the Czech population was prepared using NRRHS and CNCR data.

RESULTS: With our model, we estimated that approximately 310,000 men will be enrolled in the first year. We also estimated an elevated PSA level in 15% of men (approx. 46,000). Furthermore, 50% of men (approx. 23,000) with an elevated PSA level will undergo a follow-up MRI and around 13,000 men (approx. 4% of all men enrolled) are expected to undergo biopsy.

The cost of non-programme testing and diagnosis in the 50-69 age group is currently around 17.3 million EUR per year. However, 13.7 million EUR represents the cost for men aged 70 and over. Organised screening programme should target men aged 50-69, the estimate cost fort the first year is 21.1 million EUR.

CONCLUSIONS: Real world data are important part of planning a new screening programme and the Czech Republic has several data sources that can be used to prepare an organised prostate cancer screening programme. Reinvestment of the non-programme testing costs to organised programme could improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the health services.