OBJECTIVES : We aimed to discuss the risk-benefit of strict national lockdowns to control the COVID-19 epidemic.

METHODS : A literature search was conducted via PubMed, governmental websites, grey literature, and general press to collect, analyse, and report on health policies and strategies adopted by COVID-19 affected countries.

RESULTS : There are no peer-reviewed studies on the effectiveness of lockdowns. Further, the lockdowns do not explain lower mortality in certain countries, such as Germany. However, the observed risks of lockdowns are significant and involve psychiatric risks, disruption of the supply and demand for health care, as well as economic hardship at both micro and macro-economic levels.

CONCLUSIONS : Massive tasting, isolation of positive cases and their contacts seem to be a superior strategy to lockdowns, which is in line with the WHO recommendations. Further, social distancing, the use of face masks and prohibition of mass events are valid alternatives to national lockdowns.