METHODS : This research was conducted as a pharmacoeconomic retrospective cost of illness study with “from bottom to the top“ approach from perspective of the Republic Health Insurance Fund. This study included 92 patients who were treated due to acute pancreatitis at the General Surgery Clinic of the Clinical Center Kragujevac from October 2016 to October 2018. The total hospital costs were expressed in Republic Serbia Dinars (RSD) and were presented as the total hospital costs and average hospital costs per patient per year. RESULTS : The total hospital costs of treating acute pancreatitis for the examined population were estimated to 35,923,574.65 RSD. The average costs of treating mild form of acute pancreatitis were amounted to 200,239.58 ± 340,864.40 RSD and for patients with severe form this average costs were higher with value of 1,229,741.55 ± 772,294.30 RSD. Medication costs had the greatest impact in total hospital costs in all analysed populations. CONCLUSIONS : The total hospital costs of the treating acute pancreatitis in the Republic of Serbia are lower than in European countries. These differences can be explained by the policy of determining the prices of health services since these costs are significantly lower in the Republic of Serbia than in regional countries and other European countries.