OBJECTIVES: Early prediction of micro and macro-vascular complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus will be very valuable in the clinical management of the disease. The study was aimed to estimate cardiac-BNP, troponin-I and Zinc levels in type-2 diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular complications to predict the cardiomyopathy status.

METHODS: A total of 125 participants were enrolled prospectively in the study including, 25 Healthy volunteers and 100 type-2 diabetic patients. After meeting all inclusion criteria's, they were divided into five groups (25 in each) as: Healthy volunteers (I), Type 2 diabetic mellitus[T2DM] (II), T2DM + Hypertension (III), T2DM + Dislipidemia (IV), T2DM + Both Hypertension and Dislipidemia (V). Various parameters like Blood Sugar, HbA1c, Zinc, Lipid profile, Cardiac BNP and Troponin-I were estimated. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: The mean ± SD value of participants age was found to be 55.04 ± 7.51 years. Differences were significant between the groups for BNP, calcium and zinc as p-value < 0.05, however non significant for troponin-I. Group V showed highest value for BNP(pg/mL) as 86.73 ± 64.49 followed by Group III (61.02 ± 53.69), IV (33.88 ± 33.71), II (13.49 ± 11.67) and I (5.54 ± 1.49) which predicts the subclinical myocardiopathies in the respective groups. Serum zinc(µg/dL) level were significantly lower in Group V (52.72 ± 12.16) followed by III (56.15 ± 9.64), IV (58.10 ± 10.05), II (59.49 ± 11.33) and I (73.96 ± 21.91).

CONCLUSIONS: T2DM patients always live with an increased risk of subclinical myocardial injury. Disturbed electrolytic balance for serum calcium and zinc act as a contributing risk factor to further deteriorate cardiac complications. The discussed biomarkers should be considered for the early diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, especially in the non-acute cases. The approach will help in advance prediction of an expected cardiovascular disorder and further early clinical management.