OBJECTIVES: Although rituximab (R)-based regimens have been suggested as the front-line therapies according to GELA LNH-98.5 and RICOVER-60 trials, the clinical benefits in the “real-world” have not been examined thoroughly, particularly in Asian population. This study aimed to investigate the overall survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received R-based regimens as front-line therapies in Taiwan. METHODS: Newly diagnosed DLBCL patients, who initiated chemotherapy during 2009 to 2015, were identified with Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and National Health Insurance Research Database. The font-line therapies were further categorized into R-CHOP (Rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines/mitoxantrone, vincristine, and glucocorticoids), R-others (Rituximab with other chemotherapy than CHOP), and non-R-based regimens. Overall survival (OS) of DLBCL patients with different front-line therapies were examined. RESULTS: We identified 7127 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL receiving chemotherapies during 2009 to 2015 in Taiwan. Among them, 4612 patients received R-CHOP as their front-line therapies, 1638 R-others, and 877 non-R-based regimens. The mean duration from diagnosis to front-line therapies was 26 days, 33 days, and 54 days for patients receiving R-CHOP, R-others, and non-R-based regimens, respectively. The mean treatment duration of front-line therapies of patients receiving R-CHOP was 139 days, that of patients receiving R-others was 110 days, and that of patients receiving non-R-based regimens was 70 days. The median OS was 64.72 months for all DLBCL patients. The median OS is not reached in the patients receiving R-CHOP, while that was 13.84, and 14.33 months for patients receiving R-others, and non-R-based regimens, respectively. The five-year survival rate was significantly better in the patients receiving R-CHOP than others (63% for R-CHOP, 28% for R-others, and 31% for non-R-based regimens; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This real-world nationwide study demonstrated the superior overall survival of DLBCL patients receiving R-CHOP regimen as their front-line therapy in Asian population.