OBJECTIVES: Japanese healthcare financing is tight due to the aging population, decreasing birthrate and marketing of expensive medical services including medicines. Under this situation, the government has decided to introduce cost effectiveness assessment (CEA) from 2019, and has been assessing medical audit for proper distribution of resources. Value-based medicine (VBM) which is based on patient-reported outcomes is the focus for better operation of CEA. In this study, we assessed VBM including labor productivity in cancer treatments to obtain knowledge regarding prospective trends. METHODS: We conducted web-based Japan National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) in 2017 and compared with previous survey (NHWS-2009/2010). Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured by using SF-12v2. Work productivity impairment was estimated by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Information about anticancer drugs was obtained from public data. RESULTS: 1,691 (NHWS-2009/2010) and 1,540 (NHWS-2017) patients with cancer were identified. Changes in baseline characters reflected an aging society in Japan. HRQoL improved significantly from 2009/2010 to 2017 except for vitality although the proportion of insomnia and gastrointestinal problems increased (p<0.05). Presenteeism and total activity impairment worsened (p=0.018). We found annual approval of anticancer drugs as new molecular entity after 2010 was 1.8 times more than before 2010. Moreover, variation of mechanisms of action increased by 1.6 times. CONCLUSIONS: No major improvement on overall work productivity impairment of cancer patients has been observed in our latest survey despite the increase in the number of treatment options for cancer. Since cancer mortality rates have been improved, early rehabilitation of cancer patients may result in these differences in trends of HRQoL and work productivity in 2017 compare with 2009/2010. We should continue this type of survey and we will need to measure the social impact of early rehabilitation of cancer patients for multi-evaluation of cancer treatments.