Assessment of CO2 Equivalent Emissions in Effective Type 2 Diabetes Management: An Economic Modelling Study
Author(s)
Lund N1, Maslova K2, Budgen N2, Chen J3, Giannini J4, Soro M4, Culligan I4, Richards G4, Taneja L5, Varghese S6, Li Y7, Xu W8, Gonzalez J9, Valentim J10, de La Tour P11, Adshead F12, Moore K12
1Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark, 2AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK, 3AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 4Bupa Group, London, UK, 5IQVIA, New Delhi, India, 6IQVIA, Bangalore, India, 7IQVIA, London, UK, 8IQVIA, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 9IQVIA, Madrid, Spain, 10Roche Pharma, LA, São Paulo, Brazil, 11Sanofi, Lyon, France, 12Sustainable Healthcare Coalition, London, UK
OBJECTIVES: Healthcare delivery carries an environmental footprint; in 2019, global warming emissions from healthcare were estimated to be 4.4% of all anthropogenic emissions. Better care can lead to better health outcomes as well as a lower environmental footprint. This study evaluates the potential impact of effective prevention and management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) on both clinical outcomes and carbon emission in the UK healthcare system.
METHODS: We incorporated an environmental module into the existing IQVIA Core Diabetes Model® (CDM) to estimate the impact on CO2 equivalent emissions associated with T2DM clinical outcomes over a 50-year time horizon to assess lifetime impacts. We conducted two hypothetical scenarios: 1) preventing pre-diabetes progression to T2DM through diet and exercise versus no intervention and natural disease progression to diabetes; 2) well-controlled T2DM patients (HbA1c < 7%) on interventions with clinical benefit of preventing interconnected disease like chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) versus uncontrolled patients (HbA1c of 8.5 - 9%).
RESULTS: In scenario 1, preventing progression to T2DM led to 6.36 additional undiscounted life years with 67% lower CO2e emissions per patient over lifetime, compared to naturally progressed patients (emissions of 9,586 kg over 37.12 years versus 28,716 kg CO2e over 30.76 years, respectively). In scenario 2, well-controlled T2DM with management of CVD and CKD risk led to 2.18 additional undiscounted life years with 23% lower CO2e emissions per patient over lifetime compared to uncontrolled T2DM (emissions of 14,261 kg over 23.10 years versus 18,624 kg CO2e over 20.92 years, respectively). In both scenarios, the reduction in CO2e emissions was primarily due to reduced emissions related to treating CVD, renal, and eye diseases.
CONCLUSIONS: Effective prevention through diet and exercise and management of T2DM through adoption of evidence-based guidelines can improve patient outcomes and reduce the healthcare-related environmental impact.
Conference/Value in Health Info
Value in Health, Volume 27, Issue 12, S2 (December 2024)
Acceptance Code
P8
Topic
Health Policy & Regulatory
Topic Subcategory
Public Spending & National Health Expenditures
Disease
diabetes-endocrine-metabolic-disorders-including-obesity