FROM DEFICIT RISK TO SURPLUS STRENGTH: A REVENUE-CENTERED ANALYSIS OF TURKIYE'S GENERAL HEALTH INSURANCE UTILIZING SOCIAL SECURITY INSTITUTION (SGK) DATA (2022-2025)
Author(s)
Yagmur Faiz, BSc1, Ekin Begum Ozdemir, MSc1, Filiz Darici, MSc1, OZNUR SEYHUN, BSc, MFE, MSc2, Selin Okcun, MSc3, Guvenc Kockaya, MSc, PhD, MD2.
1Econix Research, İstanbul, Turkey, 2Econix Research, Tallin, Estonia, 3Health Economist, Econix Research, İstanbul, Turkey.
1Econix Research, İstanbul, Turkey, 2Econix Research, Tallin, Estonia, 3Health Economist, Econix Research, İstanbul, Turkey.
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the financial balance of Türkiye’s General Health Insurance (GSS) system between 2022 and 2025, focusing on trends in premium revenues, hospital and prescription invoice expenditures, and overall spending dynamics. Based on official SGK data, the analysis evaluates the sustainability of the system by comparing income and expenditures over time, with emphasis on structural shifts.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using official figures on GSS premium revenues, hospital (application and prescription) expenditures, total health spending, and the annual GSS budget margin. Data were analyzed year by year, and percentage changes in expenditures, income, and fiscal surplus or deficit were calculated.
RESULTS: GSS premium revenues experienced a massive surge between 2022 and 2025, increasing more than fivefold. This sharp upward trajectory began at ₺258.8 billion in 2022, was recorded as ₺520.4 billion in 2023, ₺967.9 billion in 2024, and reached ₺1.36 trillion in 2025. Similarly, total healthcare expenditures also rose substantially, more than quadrupling from ₺216 billion to ₺926 billion over the course of this period. The difference between income and spending—reflecting the financial balance—was positive and expanded throughout the years, although the surplus margin varied. The highest surplus (₺436 billion) was observed in 2025, while the lowest (₺42 billion) occurred in 2022 in line with the data. Likewise, the GSS profit margin also improved, rising from 16.47% in 2022 to 32.01% in 2025.
CONCLUSIONS: The data from 2022 to 2025 demonstrates a robust strengthening of the Türkiye’s GSS financial structure. While both revenues and expenditures saw unprecedented growth, the significant expansion of the surplus margin—culminating in a 32.01% profitability rate by 2025—indicates that revenue growth effectively outpaced rising healthcare costs. This trend reflects a highly resilient fiscal balance, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the healthcare system despite the substantial increase in total spending volume.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using official figures on GSS premium revenues, hospital (application and prescription) expenditures, total health spending, and the annual GSS budget margin. Data were analyzed year by year, and percentage changes in expenditures, income, and fiscal surplus or deficit were calculated.
RESULTS: GSS premium revenues experienced a massive surge between 2022 and 2025, increasing more than fivefold. This sharp upward trajectory began at ₺258.8 billion in 2022, was recorded as ₺520.4 billion in 2023, ₺967.9 billion in 2024, and reached ₺1.36 trillion in 2025. Similarly, total healthcare expenditures also rose substantially, more than quadrupling from ₺216 billion to ₺926 billion over the course of this period. The difference between income and spending—reflecting the financial balance—was positive and expanded throughout the years, although the surplus margin varied. The highest surplus (₺436 billion) was observed in 2025, while the lowest (₺42 billion) occurred in 2022 in line with the data. Likewise, the GSS profit margin also improved, rising from 16.47% in 2022 to 32.01% in 2025.
CONCLUSIONS: The data from 2022 to 2025 demonstrates a robust strengthening of the Türkiye’s GSS financial structure. While both revenues and expenditures saw unprecedented growth, the significant expansion of the surplus margin—culminating in a 32.01% profitability rate by 2025—indicates that revenue growth effectively outpaced rising healthcare costs. This trend reflects a highly resilient fiscal balance, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the healthcare system despite the substantial increase in total spending volume.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2026-11, ISPOR Europe 2026, Vienna, Austria
Value in Health, Volume 29, Issue 12S
Code
HPR53
Topic
Health Policy & Regulatory
Topic Subcategory
Reimbursement & Access Policy
Disease
No Additional Disease & Conditions/Specialized Treatment Areas