DEMAND AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR THE DENGUE VACCINE AMONG ADULTS IN HUE CITY, CENTRAL VIETNAM: A CONTINGENT VALUATION STUDY
Author(s)
Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen, MD, MSc1, Thi Phuong Trang Nguyen, MD2, Quoc Viet Nguyen, MD Student2, Thi Hien Pham, MD Student2, Thi Thuy Hang Do, MD Stud2, Anh Dao Hoang, MD Student2, Van Phuc Nguyen Nguyen, PharmD Student2, Khanh Ly Tran, MD Student2, Le Tuan Hung Hoang, MD3, Thi Cuc Vu, BSc, MSc2.
1Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam, 2Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam, 3Dong A University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
1Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam, 2Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam, 3Dong A University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
OBJECTIVES: Dengue fever places a heavy and recurring burden on Vietnam. A dengue vaccine has been licensed locally since May 2024, yet it remains available only on an out-of-pocket basis while the Vietnamese Ministry of Health weighs its inclusion in the national immunization program. We aimed to assess vaccination demand, quantify willingness to pay (WTP), and identify factors associated with WTP among adults in Hue City, Vietnam
METHODS: We conducted face-to-face surveys of 630 adults in Hue City, Vietnam, from July 2025 to January 2026, using multi-stage stratified random sampling across urban and rural areas. Using the contingent valuation method, respondents indicated their maximum WTP for a full vaccine course through a payment-scale question with an open-ended option. Mean WTP and 95% CIs were estimated by bootstrapping. Multivariable linear regression identified factors associated with WTP.
RESULTS: Should a newly approved dengue vaccine become available, 53.0% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, rising to 71.3% if it were provided free of charge; only 0.2% had ever received the vaccine. The median WTP for a dengue vaccine was VND 200,000 (≈US$7.7; interquartile range 100,000-500,000; ≈US$3.8-19.2), and the mean was VND 410,317 (≈US$15.8; SD 456,002). Notably, 13.3% reported zero WTP. Respondents aged 31 to 60 years, who worked part-time, had higher incomes, or reported greater happiness, tended to have a higher willingness to pay (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted after the dengue vaccine became commercially available in Vietnam to quantify adult demand and WTP. Although a majority would accept vaccination, WTP was modest and concentrated well below the current market price. These demand and WTP estimates can inform value-based pricing, co-payment design, and budget impact and cost-benefit analyses to guide the potential introduction of the vaccine into the national immunization program.
METHODS: We conducted face-to-face surveys of 630 adults in Hue City, Vietnam, from July 2025 to January 2026, using multi-stage stratified random sampling across urban and rural areas. Using the contingent valuation method, respondents indicated their maximum WTP for a full vaccine course through a payment-scale question with an open-ended option. Mean WTP and 95% CIs were estimated by bootstrapping. Multivariable linear regression identified factors associated with WTP.
RESULTS: Should a newly approved dengue vaccine become available, 53.0% of respondents were willing to be vaccinated, rising to 71.3% if it were provided free of charge; only 0.2% had ever received the vaccine. The median WTP for a dengue vaccine was VND 200,000 (≈US$7.7; interquartile range 100,000-500,000; ≈US$3.8-19.2), and the mean was VND 410,317 (≈US$15.8; SD 456,002). Notably, 13.3% reported zero WTP. Respondents aged 31 to 60 years, who worked part-time, had higher incomes, or reported greater happiness, tended to have a higher willingness to pay (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies conducted after the dengue vaccine became commercially available in Vietnam to quantify adult demand and WTP. Although a majority would accept vaccination, WTP was modest and concentrated well below the current market price. These demand and WTP estimates can inform value-based pricing, co-payment design, and budget impact and cost-benefit analyses to guide the potential introduction of the vaccine into the national immunization program.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2026-11, ISPOR Europe 2026, Vienna, Austria
Value in Health, Volume 29, Issue 12S
Code
PCR42
Topic
Health Policy & Regulatory, Patient-Centered Research
Disease
No Additional Disease & Conditions/Specialized Treatment Areas, Vaccines