Patient Perspective About Perceived Impact and Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease

OBJECTIVES: To assess the correlation between perceived impact and quality of life in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults with CKD in Portugal, covering stages G1 to G5. The survey included 18 dimensions of daily CKD management impacts using a 3-level scale ('positive, none or negative impact'), perceived quality of life with a 5-level scale ('very bad' to 'very good'), and sociodemographic characteristics. Impact scores were calculated based on participants' self-assessments of CKD management and its daily life effects. Statistical analysis included Spearman’s correlations.

RESULTS: A total of 128 answers were analysed, with respondents averaging 70 years of age and 62.5% being men. 48.4% evaluated their quality of life as 'reasonable' and 34.1% as 'good'. Significant correlations were found between perceived quality of life and the following impact dimensions: 'Social life' (r = -0.216, p = 0.04), 'Psychological and emotional well-being' (r = -0.197, p = 0.042), 'Quality of life' (r = -0.252, p = 0.007), 'Nutrition' (r = -0.222, p = 0.019), 'Autonomy' (r = -0.255, p = 0.008), 'Self-image and self-esteem' (r = -0.343, p < 0.001), 'Leisure activities' (r = -0.284, p = 0.003), 'Travel' (r = -0.231, p = 0.016), 'Intimate and sexual life' (r = -0.221, p = 0.041), 'Physical exercise' (r = -0.266, p = 0.009), and 'Quality of sleep' (r = -0.248, p = 0.008). Globally, individuals who reported higher levels of CKD impact tended to report lower perceived quality of life (r = -0.236, p = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the significant burden that CKD places on individuals' lives and the critical need for targeted public health policies and clinical interventions. Addressing these aspects can greatly enhance overall well-being, ease symptoms and improve the quality of life for people living with CKD.