Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention Policy Models: A Systematic Review

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the existing published literature on cardiometabolic disease (CMD) policy models.

METHODS: A systematic computerized search strategy was conducted at 6^th December 2022 in MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL, Google Scholar, and Open Grey with a restricted publication year from 1^st January 2000 to December 2022. Hand-searching the reference lists of previous systematic/literature reviews were also performed. We used Phillips’s checklist for the critical appraisal of decision models.

RESULTS: A subsequent abstract and title review resulted in 217 articles. From these articles, there were 41 articles identified that meet our inclusion criteria and 38 were eligible for critical appraisal. From our review, there were several unique definitions of the disease policy model. In terms of reporting standards, good reporting standards have increased over the years. Furthermore, most models presented clear models’ features and structures. Models analysis was transitioned from cohort to individual-level simulation. However, there were concerns about the data used for parameterization and simulation, such as published and survey data that influence the model’s results. For model consistency, there remains unclear information in terms of the clearness of validation performed.

CONCLUSIONS: The policy models themselves were heterogeneous in terms of model structure, simulation level, type of data used, as well as its overall modelling quality. Also, the use of real-world evidence (RWE) is highly required to improve model analysis and results.