The main findings of the Fifth Mount Hood Challenge Meeting are presented in this issue of Value in Health. Since results of the first Challenge meeting, reviewing two models, were published in 2000, the number of models assessed and number of participants has continued to grow. Much of the Challenges’ success over the years is a result of the opportunity for researchers to debate and test ideas and policymakers to witness and contribute to the development of best modeling practices in general. The level of exploration has proven more focused and detailed than may be possible in other scientific venues because of the focus on a single disease, diabetes. Moreover, participants are given the same specific challenges, which make it difficult for the researchers to focus on the positive aspects of their approaches and disguise the negative aspects. The moderators of the proceedings are to be especially commended for their even-handed approach whereby all participating research groups initially presented their own model and findings, and then the models were compared in a later session by using a standardized reporting format. (As stated in the article, only previously published models were included in the challenge whereas other groups were given a venue to present new models in separate breakout sessions.)