This commentary is aimed at summarizing the second plenary session presented at the ISPOR 4th Asia-Pacific Conference held in 2010 and compare the issues on drug listing of Thailand, China, and Australia. These countries have substantially different demographic and economic characteristics and health-care financing structures and are in different phases of development of health technology assessment (HTA) (Table 1). Expenditure data shown in Table 1 for 2008 were converted at purchasing power parity to US dollars.