Abstract

Background

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent and costly chronic diseases in the United States.

Objectives

To analyze the risk of developing diabetes and the annual cost of diabetes for a US general population.

Methods

Data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2008 to 2012, were used to analyze 1) probabilities of developing diabetes and 2) annual total health care expenditures for diabetics. The age-, sex-, race-, and body mass index (BMI)-specific risks of developing diabetes were estimated by fitting an exponential survival function to age at first diabetes diagnosis. Annual health care expenditures were estimated using a generalized linear model with log-link and gamma variance function. Complex sampling designs in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were adjusted for. All dollar values are presented in 2012 US dollars.

Results

We observed a more than 6 times increase in diabetes risks for class III obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m) individuals incurred an annual marginal cost of $628 and $756, respectively. The annual health care expenditure differentials between those with and without diabetes of age 50 years were the highest for individuals with class II ($12,907) and class III ($9,703) obesity.

Conclusions

This article highlights the importance of obesity on diabetes burden. Our results suggested that obesity, in particular, class II and class III (i.e., BMI ≥ 35 kg/m) obesity, is associated with a substantial increase in the risk of developing diabetes and imposes a large economic burden.