COST MINIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL OPTION SCENARIOS FOR METFORMIN AND ACARBOSE IN TREATMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES- BASED ON DIRECT AND INDIRECT TREATMENT COMPARISON RESULTS
Author(s)
Gu S1, Xu X2, Shi L3, Sawhney M4, Hu H1, Dong H1
1Zhejiang University School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China, 2Bristol-Myers Squibb, Shanghai, China, 3Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA, 4Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
OBJECTIVES: Metformin is the first-line oral hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) per international guideline with proven efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. However, little information exists comparing it with acarbose. This study aims to ascertain both the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these two extensively-adopted agents in treatment of T2DM. METHODS: Randomised Controlled Trials comparing metformin and acarbose with placebo and sulfonylureas were systematically reviewed from Chinese (CNKI) and English (PubMed) literatures. Meta-analysis and Bucher-method-based indirect comparisons were conducted to compare the hypoglycemic-effects of metformin and acarbose directly and indirectly by using common comparators. The weighted-mean-difference and 95%CIs were calculated. Cost-minimization analysis was performed from the perspective of medical insurance. Common clinical scenarios were set according to clinical practices and physicians’ prescribing behaviors in China, which could mirror real-life cost data. RESULTS: The direct comparison (8 trials) indicated treatment difference between metformin and acarbose for reduction of HbA1c was -0.06% (95% CI, -0.32 to 0.20). In the indirect comparisons (67 trials), using placebo and sulphonylureas as common comparators, metformin achieved significant HbA1c reduction than acarbose, by -0.38% (95% CI, -0.736 to -0.024) and -0.34% (95% CI, -0.651 to -0.029) respectively. Cost-minimization analysis was conducted on the assumption that these two agents had same hypoglycemic effects. In the first two scenarios, acarbose was assumed to titrate from 50mg/day up to 150 mg/day (weight<60kg) or 300mg/day (weight>=60kg) as usual max-dose, and the annual-costs were ¥2,656.36 and ¥5,208.84. In the last two scenarios, metformin was assumed to titrate from 500mg/day up to 1500mg/day or 2000mg/day, while the annual-costs were ¥1,568.04 and ¥2,070.28. Metformin would achieve cost-savings by 22.06% to 69.90% than acarbose, and sensitive analysis demonstrated its robustness.
CONCLUSIONS:
Findings from this study are consistent with previous studies of metformin in other countries. Metformin has significant hypoglycemic-effects and low costs in China.
Conference/Value in Health Info
2014-09, ISPOR Asia Pacific 2014, Beijing, China
Value in Health, Vol. 17, No. 7 (November 2014)
Code
PDB27
Topic
Economic Evaluation
Topic Subcategory
Cost-comparison, Effectiveness, Utility, Benefit Analysis
Disease
Diabetes/Endocrine/Metabolic Disorders