OBJECTIVES: To assess trends in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) for patients with end-stage renal disease in Korea for the past thirteen years. METHODS: National administrative healthcare database in Korea from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2015 was used. Patients who received dialysis for at least three months at that year were included as prevalence cases. Incidence cases were defined as patients who maintained the same modality for at least three months after starting PD or HD at that year. Trends in the number of patients, and medical cost in each year were assessed by dialysis modality. Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 of patients with PD or HD per year were also calculated based on 2015 Korea standard population. RESULTS: Regarding prevalence, while the number of HD was highly increased from 12,415 in 2003 to 46,233 in 2015, PD was slightly increased from 6,519 in 2003 to 8,962 in 2015; the rate of increase was 280.4% versus 37.5%. The rate of increase in total cost of HD in 2015 compared with 2003 was approximately four times higher than that of PD (426.7% versus 114.6%). In incidence cases, the number of HD increased by 84.3% in 2015 compared to 2003, but PD decreased by 27.1%. While total cost of HD increased by 270.6% in 2015 compared to 2003, those who received PD decreased by 4.0%. CONCLUSIONS: For the latest decade, HD was highly increased compared with PD in Korea, and medical cost of HD also increased dramatically. Therefore, further research is needed in order to investigate effective allocation of national healthcare resources on ESRD patients received dialysis.