OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown that the price per month of drugs rarely correlates with clinical efficacy variables (e.g. Overall Survival). This study aims to evaluate if lung cancer drug prices are correlated with their eligible population sizes. METHODS: Drugs indicated for locally advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were identified (N=20) from NCCN treatment guidelines; generic drugs were excluded (n=8). Price per course of treatment and monthly price were calculated using Wholesale Acquisition Cost (WAC) prices from Analysource Bi-weekly. Eligible population was calculated based on each drug’s FDA label indication. The price of each drug was analyzed to determine if a correlation was evident with collected variables.  RESULTS: Of the 12 drugs studied, price per month ranged from $5,490 to $14,327. Price per course depended heavily on the duration of treatment (ranging from 2.3 to 11.1 months) and ranged from $16,738 to $116,174. The eligible population size ranged from 2,679 to 107,688 (mean 34,546). Our analysis found that drugs targeting smaller populations had a higher price per course than drugs with larger eligible populations. However, this correlation was much weaker between monthly price and eligible population.  Crizotinib was the most expensive drug per month, at $14,327 with a target population of 7,427. However, the price per course was the highest for alectinib at $116,174, with an eligible population of 2,679.  CONCLUSIONS: Drug prices in lung cancer appear to be inversely correlated to the size of the eligible target population. Price per course of therapy is a better indicator of this relationship than the monthly price of the drug.  Factors relating to population size appear to be important influencers on price for new drugs and should be introduced into the ongoing dialogue on cancer drug pricing.