Published Apr 2013
Citation
Husereau D, Drummond M, Petrou S, et al. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards (CHEERS)—explanation and elaboration: a report of the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Good Reporting Practices Task Force. Value Health. 2013;16(2):231-250.
Abstract
Background: Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a
particular challenge for reporting because substantial information
must be conveyed to allow scrutiny of study findings. Despite a
growth in published reports, existing reporting guidelines are not
widely adopted. There is also a need to consolidate and update
existing guidelines and promote their use in a user-friendly manner.
A checklist is one way to help authors, editors, and peer reviewers use
guidelines to improve reporting.
Objective: The task force’s overall
goal was to provide recommendations to optimize the reporting of
health economic evaluations. The Consolidated Health Economic
Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to
consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines
into one current, useful reporting guidance. The CHEERS Elaboration
and Explanation Report of the ISPOR Health Economic
Evaluation Publication Guidelines Good Reporting Practices Task Force
facilitates the use of the CHEERS statement by providing examples
and explanations for each recommendation. The primary audiences
for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic
evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them
for publication.
Methods: The need for new reporting guidance
was identified by a survey of medical editors. Previously published
checklists or guidance documents related to reporting economic
evaluations were identified from a systematic review and subsequent
survey of task force members. A list of possible items from these
efforts was created. A two-round, modified Delphi Panel with representatives
from academia, clinical practice, industry, and government,
as well as the editorial community, was used to identify a
minimum set of items important for reporting from the larger list.
Results: Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying
recommendations were developed, with some specific recommendations
for single study–based and model-based economic evaluations.
The final recommendations are subdivided into six main categories: 1)
title and abstract, 2) introduction, 3) methods, 4) results, 5) discussion,
and 6) other. The recommendations are contained in the CHEERS
statement, a user-friendly 24-item checklist.
The task force report
provides explanation and elaboration, as well as an example for each
recommendation. The ISPOR CHEERS statement is available online via
Value in Health or the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluation Publication
Guidelines Good Reporting Practices – CHEERS Task Force webpage
(http://www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp).
Conclusions: We hope that the ISPOR CHEERS statement and the accom
panying task force report guidance will lead to more consistent and transparent reporting, and ultimately, better health decisions. To
facilitate wider dissemination and uptake of this guidance, we are
copublishing the CHEERS statement across 10 health economics and
medical journals. We encourage other journals and groups to consider
endorsing the CHEERS statement. The author team plans to review
the checklist for an update in 5 years.
Keywords: biomedical research/methods, biomedical research/
standards, costs and cost analysis, guidelines as topic/standards,
humans, publishing/standards.
Copyright © 2017, International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Additional Resources
Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) Statement
CHEERS Checklist
PDF Version: CHEERS-CHECKLIST.pdf
CHEERS Teaching Resources
CHEERS Checklist & Task Force Slide Deck
Published or Endorsed In
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2013;120(6):765-770
BMC Medicine 2013;11:80
BMJ 2013;346:f1049
Clinical Therapeutics 2013;35(4):356-363
Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation 2013;11(1):6
The European Journal of Health Economics 2013;14(3):367-372
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2013;29(2):117-122
Journal of Medical Economics 2013;16(6):713-719
Pharmacoeconomics 2013;31(5):361-367
Value Health 2013; 16(2):e1-5
British Journal of Psychiatry (2013;202(4):318 )
Applied Health Economics and Health Policy
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