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8:00am – 12:00pm
Introduction to Decision Analysis
Faculty: Mark Roberts MD, MPP, FACP, Professor,
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Course description: Decision analysis is a tool
that uses an explicit, quantitative structure to describe and analyze
complex health care decisions. This course will provide an introduction to
the principles and practice of decision analysis. Upon completion of the
course, participants will be able to evaluate the appropriateness of
decision analysis in different settings, construct simple decision trees,
understand the basic mechanics of tree evaluation and sensitivity analysis,
and acquire skill in the interpretation of a published decision analysis.
Extension of basic techniques, such as cost-effectiveness analysis and the
assessment of patient preferences will be briefly discussed. Pen and paper
exercises will be used to illustrate these principles. This course is
suitable for thoses with little experience with decision analysis
Value / Valuation in Measuring Outcomes
(Preference-based Techniques)
Faculty: Paul Krabbe PhD, Senior Researcher,
University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Course Description: This course offers a unique
combination of theory and practice that examines the explicit valuations
systems of generic instruments (including HUI, EQ-5D and SF-6D) as well as
those implicit in widely used condition-specific instruments (including
FACT-L, QLQC-30 and HADS). Examples from the published literature will be
discussed using a critical review framework designed to test the status of
such value systems. Practical experience of the principal preference-based
techniques used in valuing health outcomes, such as visual analogue scale,
standard gamble, and time trade-off will be offered as an integral part of
the course. Each participant must bring a laptop computer. The course is designed for those with at least an
intermediate level experience of quality of life issues and practice.
Elements of Pharmaceutical Pricing
Faculty: Jack Mycka, President & GM, Acumen Strategic Consulting
Group LLC, Glen Ridge, NJ, USA.
Course Description: The
elements of pharmaceutical pricing decisions and the role of pharmacoeconomics in
shaping those decisions will be discussed. This course is designed for
those with some experience in either pharmacoeconomics or pharma- ceutical
pricing.
Introduction to Quality of Life and Patient
Reported Outcomes
Faculty: Steven Erickson PharmD, University of
Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Course Description: Conceptual, methodological,
and practical methods for measuring patient reported outcomes will be
presented. An emphasis will be placed on health-related quality of life;
with additional discussion provided on symptom and treatment satisfaction
assessment strategies. A strategy to aid in selecting appropriate
instruments will be presented. Reliability, validity, responsiveness,
methods of administration and scoring, and issues of analysis and
interpretation will be discussed using practical examples and exercises.
This course is designed for those with either little or intermediate
experience in health-related quality-of-life assessment.
Introduction to Statistics
Faculty: Thomas R. Einarson PhD, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Course Description: This course is designed to
present an overview of the foundations upon which major statistical tests
are based and tests which may be used to address Pharmacoeconomic problems.
The major emphasis will be on application and interpretation of statistical
results, not statistical theory. Surveyed will be the most commonly utilized
statistical tests (t-test, ANOVA, Correlation, regression, chi square) and
the types of variables associated with each test. This course will assist
ISPOR attendees who are interested in increasing their understanding of the
general principles associated with elementary statistics and how to apply
these tests to problems presented in their work environment.
This course is designed for those with little or no statistical training.
Introduction to Bayesian Approaches to Health
Economics and Outcomes Research
Faculty: Bryan Luce PhD, MBA, Senior Research
Leader & CEO,
MEDTAP International, Bethesda, MD, USA; Anthony O’Hagan BBc, PhD, Professor
of Statistics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Dennis Fryback PhD,
Professor of Preventive Medicine & Industrial Engineering, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
Course Description: This course is designed to
provide an overview of the Bayesian approach and its applications to health
economics and outcomes research. The course will cover basic elements of
Bayesian statistics, contrasting briefly with classical (frequentist)
statistics and introduce available statistical packages. The second half of
the session will focus on the Bayesian “informative prior” and several
example vignettes of how a Bayesian analysis can be used within outcomes
modeling problems. Participants will learn how a Bayesian approach is
different and why it is useful for their work and what tools are available
to them. This course is designed for those with a limited understanding
of Bayesian statistical concepts.
1:00pm – 5:00pm
Introduction to
Outcomes Research
Faculty: Jeff Trotter MM, President, Ovation
Research Group, Highland Park, IL, USA.
Course Description: This course will take
participants from the problem stage to the design stage for outcomes
research problems commonly encountered in healthcare settings. The
importance of selecting the right outcome, population, setting, and time
frame will be shown. Case studies and group work will allow participants to
leave knowing how to convert a problem into a "do-able" research study.
This course is for those with little or no experience in outcomes or
clinical research.
Cost Estimation and Assessing
Financial (Budget) Impact of New HealthCare Technologies
Faculty: Josephine Mauskopf PhD, Division
Director, Global Health Economics, RTI Health Solutions, RTI International,
RTP, NC, USA.; Daniel Mullins, PhD,
Associate Professor, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore
MD, USA.
Course Description: This course will describe
techniques in pharmacoeconomics that focus on cost. This will include
methods to determine the cost-of-illness of a health condition using a
“top-down” or “bottom-up” approach. Participants will also learn how to
estimate the impact of new healthcare technologies on disease-specific costs
from different decision-maker perspectives. Actuarial methods using
straight-line projections and nonlinear trends will be described. Both
static and dynamic methods for estimating the budget impact of adding a new
drug to a health plan formulary will also be presented. This course is
designed for those with some experience with pharmacoeconomic analysis.
Advanced Pharmacoeconomic Modeling
Faculty: Marc F. Botteman M.Sc., M.A.,
Executive Director, International Health Economics, HERQuLES: Health
Economic Research & Quality of Life Evaluation Services, Abt Associates
Clinical Trials, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Course Description: Participants will learn how
to use and implement intermediate-to-advanced decision analysis techniques
(i.e., Markov models and first- and second-order Monte Carlo simulations)
for cost-effectiveness analyses. After a brief review of these methods and
their appropriate use, the course will focus on the steps involved in
developing Markov models and conducting Monte Carlo simulations. To
illustrate how these methods are applied, a few simple examples will be
demonstrated in Microsoft Excel or decision analysis software, as
appropriate. Issues related to the selection of model input parameters and
their distributions for use in probabilistic sensitivity analyses will be
reviewed. Participants will learn how to analyze, interpret, and present
results (e.g. using acceptability curves or analyses of the
cost-effectiveness plane). Publications from healthcare journals presenting
additional examples and theoretical considerations will be provided as a
course supplement. This intermediate course requires basic understanding
of decision analysis. Also, because computers are not available for
participants' use, please note that the course will be characterized more as
seminar-style, rather than as a hands-on modeling workshop.
Advanced Quality of Life and Patient Reported
Outcomes
Faculty: Linda Abetz MA, Research
Director, Mapi Values, Bollington, UK;
Bruce Crawford, Senior Project Director, Mapi Values, Boston, MA, USA
Course Description: This course will provide an
in-depth discussion of operating characteristics, validity testing, analysis
and interpretation with examples of each. This course is designed for
those with experience in health-related quality-of-life assessment.
Introduction to Pharmacoepidemiology
Faculty: Fadia T. Shaya PhD, MPH, Assistant
Research Professor,
Outcomes Research/Epidemiology, Assistant Director, Center on Drugs and
Public Policy, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD,
USA.
Course Description: Pharmacoepidemiology is the
application of epidemiological knowledge and methods to study the effects
(both positive and negative) of drugs in human populations. Its purpose is
to describe and predict drug treatment in a defined time, space, and
population. This course will provide an overview of the contribution of
epidemiology to the study of drug uses and effects. Risk assessment
methodologies, and pharmacoepidemiologic study design strategies
(observational, analytic, and interventional studies) including their
strengths and weaknesses will be presented. A special consideration will be
given to the contribution of pharmacoepidemiology to outcomes research, and
its relevance to decision-making. This course is for those with no or
little experience with pharmacoepidemiology.
Meta-Analysis and Systematic Literature Review –
Introduction
Faculty: Joseph C. Cappelleri PhD, MPH,
Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
Course Description: Meta-analysis may be
defined as the statistical analysis of data from multiple studies for the
purpose of synthesizing and summarizing results, as well as for
quantitatively evaluating sources of heterogeneity and bias. A systematic
literature review often includes meta-analysis and involves an explicit,
detailed description of how a review was conducted. This course highlights
and expounds upon four key areas: 1) impetus for meta-analysis and
systematic reviews, 2) basic steps to perform a quantitative systematic
review, 3) statistical methods of combining data, and 4) appraisal and use
of meta-analytic reports. The material is motivated via applications in
pharmacoeconomics, outcomes research, and clinical studies from the
published literature and hypothetical examples. Interactive exercises are
part of the course.
This course is designed for those with little experience with
meta-analysis.
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